What is forensic anthropology?

• A. A field that applies the science of physical anthropology and human osteology in a legal context, often to identify human remains.
• B. A field of archaeology focusing on ancient artifacts.
• C. A branch of sociology studying contemporary populations.
• D. A medical specialty diagnosing bone diseases.

Answer: (C)

Forensic anthropology is about applying physical anthropology and the study of human bones to legal investigations, often to identify human remains. In practice, a forensic anthropologist examines skeletal material to build a biological profile—estimating sex, age at death, ancestry, and stature—and to assess trauma, disease, or pathologies. They also help determine the time since death and assist with identifying individuals by comparing dental records, DNA, and contextual clues. This work is done within a legal framework, with documentation and sometimes testimony in court.

This description differs from archaeology, which centers on artifacts and past cultures; from sociology, which studies social behavior and populations; and from medicine, which focuses on clinical diagnosis and treatment.