Name two common postmortem taphonomic processes that degrade bone preservation.

• A. Weathering alone
• B. Weathering/exposure to environment and scavenging by animals
• C. Only human handling
• D. Magnetic field effects

Answer: (B)

Two common postmortem taphonomic processes that degrade bone preservation are weathering from environmental exposure and scavenging by animals. Weathering causes surface cracking, flaking, and discoloration as bones go through cycles of drying, moisture, and temperature change, which weakens and roughens the bone. Scavenging by animals leads to tooth marks, gnawing, and fragmentation, sometimes removing surface layers and exposing interior bone to further decay. Together these processes are routinely observed as major drivers of poor preservation in skeletal remains. The other choices don’t capture this typical two-factor pattern, since weathering alone is incomplete, human handling is a more specific form of damage, and magnetic field effects aren’t recognized as a significant postmortem factor for bone degradation.